Medical Billing Denials - #1 Payer's Tactic to Reduce Costs at Provider's Expense

A recent AMA study found that doctors spendcost, $6 - claim preparation and mail, and $25 -
14 percent of the fees they receive fromclaim rework cost. If the claim is paid in full after
insurance companies and Medicare on the processcontractual adjustment ($75), practice total costs
of collecting those fees, adding more than $200would add to $35 and income - $20. But if the
billion (about ten percent) a year to the nation'spayer denies a part of the claim, say, $30, then
healthcare costs [Lisa Girion, 2008]. Sadly, aboutthe provider has a choice between leaving it alone
30 percent of over 5 billion claims generatedand losing $10 on the entire incident or reworking
annually, are rejected, and surprisingly, only 50it and then taking a chance of losing even more -
percent of the rejected claims are ever$35, in case of a repeat denial, or losing $5 if the
resubmitted [Walker et al, 2004]. Note thatpayer chooses to pay the previously denied part
physicians are giving up this revenue in addition toof the claim.
losing revenue because of the annual cuts ofIn other words, depending on the claim rework
allowed fees. (Since 2000, health insurancecosts, denial amount, and repeat denial odds or
premiums increased by 73 percent compared toclaim rework efficacy, it may be in the provider's
cumulative increases in inflation and wages ofbest interest to minimize losses by abandoning the
about 15 percent. Yet physician's inflation-adjusteddenied claim instead of working the denial.
incomes dropped by 7 percent from 1995 toTherefore, a rational payer will deny a higher
2003 [Herzlinger, 2007].)number of claims, counting on the good business
Why are the costs of collecting the earned feessense of the rational provider who will only
so high and why, adding insult to injury, dorework a small subset of the denied claims,
providers often skip resubmitting rejected claims?specifically those claims that can be justified with
Insurance companies would like us to think thata quick cost-benefit calculation such as the
billing costs are high because of inefficiencies, andaforementioned example. Such rational payer's
they are quick to blame the doctors for thembehavior explains the AMA findings much better
[Lisa Girion, 2008]: UnitedHealthcare spokesmanthan any inefficiency on the provider's side.
Gregory Thompson said, "Data show there isTo justify rework of every denial and to eliminate
often a significant lag time between whena financial incentive for payers to deny claims,
services are provided and physician claims areproviders need systems with low claim rework
submitted." Another often cited reason for delayscosts and high rework efficacy. To "educate and
and underpayments is the time that doctors takeempower physicians so they are no longer at the
to resubmit claims or provide additionalmercy of a chaotic payment system that takes
information upon insurer's request.countless hours away from patient care," (William
But a recent AMA's "report card" shows a wideDolan, MD, member of AMA board [Japsen,
variance between various payers in terms of2008]) requires a leveled playing field for both
payment accuracy and timeliness, ranging from 61providers and payers. And leveling the playing field
to 87 percent of the time [Bergen 2008]. Such awith the payers requires equal footing in terms of
wide variance in payment accuracy and timelinessstrategies, processes, and resources [Lirov, 2007].
across the payers contradicts the "physician'sReferences:
inefficiency" theory. If this theory was true, then,1. Bergen, Jane M. von, AMA issues report card on
the more efficient physicians should be losing lesshealth insurers, Philadelphia Inquirer, June 16, 2008
money on rejections than others, uniformly2. Girion, Lisa, "Failings by insurers and Medicare
across all payers. Conversely, since the largestadd more than $200 billion a year to the nation's
insurance companies are present in most stateshealthcare tab, report says," Los Angeles Times,
and are exposed to vast majority of physiciansJune 17, 2008.
and their claim delays, the differences in3. Herzlinger, Regina, "Who Killed Health Care?
underpayments and denials must be attributedAmerica's $2 Trillion Medical Problem - and the
first of all to the differences in payer's businessConsumer-Driven Cure," McGraw Hill, 2007.
strategies and processes and not - to4. Japsen, Bruce, "AMA to rate business practices
inefficiencies in the provider's office.of health plans," Chicago Tribune, June 16, 2008
For instance, a simple calculation following an5. Lirov, Yuval, Practicing Profitability - Billing
example in [Walker et al, 2004] shows thatNetwork Effect for Revenue Cycle Control in
systematic claim denial is beneficial to payersHealthcare Clinics and Chiropractic Offices, Affinity
when the cost of rework outweighs the benefitBilling, New Jersey, 2007.
of resubmitting the claim. Let us assume $130 for6.
initial charge, $55 - allowed amount, $29 - service