| Diabetes has become a major health threat
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| | the FPG in certain groups (e.g., women
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| to the whole world; indeed, the greatest
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| | with a history of gestational diabetes).
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| increase will be contributed by India,
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| | The test uses the following procedures:
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| which has already been declared by the
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| | I) after an overnight fast Fasting Plasma
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| World Health Organization (WHO) as the
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| | Glucose test is performed. ii) After this
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| country with the largest number of
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| | test a person receives 75 g of glucose
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| diabetics in the world. Diabetes is
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| | (100 g for pregnant women) blood samples
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| frequently not diagnosed until
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| | are taken every half an hour
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| complications appear, and approximately
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| | {(fasting-30mts-60mts-90mts-120mts-(five
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| one third of all people with diabetes may
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| | times)} to measure the blood glucose. It
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| be undiagnosed, though diagnosed many
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| | not only helps in detecting diabetes but
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| people are not aware of their condition.
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| | also help to detect the pre-diabetic
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| Late detection of diabetes often means
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| | status, Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) &
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| that at the time of diagnosis
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| | Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT))
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| complications have already damaging the
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| | Is it important to detect pre-diabetic
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| eyes, kidneys and nerves. These
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| | stage? Yes! Because it is "preventable"
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| complications are costly in the physical,
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| | Criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes
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| financial and psychosocial sense. Early
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| | mellitus
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| detection and treatment of diabetes may
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| | Normal DIABETES
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| not only improve glycemic control, but
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| | Symptoms of diabetes + Random plasma
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| also improves blood pressure and lipids.
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| | glucose Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) NFG
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| Who should be screened? In general all
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| | IFG ≥ 126 mg/dl
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| adults should be screened at regular
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| intervals
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| | 100 - 125 mg/dl
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| - Family history of diabetes (i.e.,
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| | Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
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| parents or siblings with diabetes)
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| | (WHO, 2004) NGT IGT ≥200 mg/dl
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| - Overweight (Body Mass Index >25 kg/m2)
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| - Age >45 years
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| | What is the test for diabetic who is on
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| - Previously identified impaired fasting
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| | treatment to detect the control of blood
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| glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose
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| | sugar? Test for Glycosylated
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| tolerance (IGT)
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| | Haemoglobin: Tests for blood levels of
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| - Hypertension (>140/90 mmHg)
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| | glycosylated hemoglobin, also known as
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| - Hyperlipidemia (HDL - 250 mg/dL or
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| | hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) are useful for
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| both)
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| | determining the severity of diabetes. A
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| - History of gestational diabetes or
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| | glycosylated hemoglobin level of 1% above
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| delivery of a baby over 9 lb (4.1 kg)
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| | normal range (5%) identifies diabetes in
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| (ADA -Diabetes Care 2004)
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| | 98% of patients. The test is not affected
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| What are the Screening test for Diabetes
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| | by food intake so it can be taken at any
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| Fasting Plasma Glucose: The fasting
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| | time. It shows average blood sugar
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| plasma glucose (FPG) test is the standard
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| | control of 2-3 months. HbA1c - < 7,
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| test for diabetes. It is a simple blood
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| | should be screened six months once.
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| test taken after eight hours of fasting.
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| | What are the routine screening tests for
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| The FPG test is not always reliable, so a
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| | Diabetes Complications? : All patients
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| repeat test is recommended if the initial
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| | with a diagnosis of diabetes should
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| test suggests the presence of diabetes.
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| | receive routine screening for diabetes
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| Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: The glucose
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| | complications.
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| tolerance test may be more accurate than
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