| Diabetes has become a major health threat to | | | | tolerance test may be more accurate than the |
| the whole world; indeed, the greatest | | | | FPG in certain groups (e.g., women with a |
| increase will be contributed by India, which | | | | history of gestational diabetes). The test |
| has already been declared by the World Health | | | | uses the following procedures: I) after an |
| Organization (WHO) as the country with the | | | | overnight fast Fasting Plasma Glucose test is |
| largest number of diabetics in the world. | | | | performed. ii) After this test a person |
| Diabetes is frequently not diagnosed until | | | | receives 75 g of glucose (100 g for pregnant |
| complications appear, and approximately one | | | | women) blood samples are taken every half an |
| third of all people with diabetes may be | | | | hour {(fasting-30mts-60mts-90mts-120mts-(five |
| undiagnosed, though diagnosed many people are | | | | times)} to measure the blood glucose. It not |
| not aware of their condition. | | | | only helps in detecting diabetes but also |
| | | | help to detect the pre-diabetic status, |
| Late detection of diabetes often means that | | | | Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) & Impaired |
| at the time of diagnosis complications have | | | | Glucose Tolerance (IGT)) |
| already damaging the eyes, kidneys and | | | | |
| nerves. These complications are costly in the | | | | Is it important to detect pre-diabetic stage? |
| physical, financial and psychosocial sense. | | | | Yes! Because it is "preventable" Criteria |
| Early detection and treatment of diabetes may | | | | for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus |
| not only improve glycemic control, but also | | | | |
| improves blood pressure and lipids. Who | | | | Normal DIABETES |
| should be screened? In general all adults | | | | |
| should be screened at regular intervals | | | | Symptoms of diabetes + Random plasma glucose |
| | | | Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) NFG IFG ≥ |
| - Family history of diabetes (i.e., parents | | | | 126 mg/dl |
| or siblings with diabetes) | | | | |
| | | | |
| - Overweight (Body Mass Index >25 kg/m2) | | | | |
| | | | 100 - 125 mg/dl |
| - Age >45 years | | | | |
| | | | Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) |
| - Previously identified impaired fasting | | | | |
| glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance | | | | (WHO, 2004) NGT IGT ≥200 mg/dl |
| (IGT) | | | | |
| | | | |
| - Hypertension (>140/90 mmHg) | | | | |
| | | | What is the test for diabetic who is on |
| - Hyperlipidemia (HDL - 250 mg/dL or both) | | | | treatment to detect the control of blood |
| | | | sugar? Test for Glycosylated Haemoglobin: |
| - History of gestational diabetes or delivery | | | | Tests for blood levels of glycosylated |
| of a baby over 9 lb (4.1 kg) (ADA -Diabetes | | | | hemoglobin, also known as hemoglobin A1C |
| Care 2004) | | | | (HbA1c) are useful for determining the |
| | | | severity of diabetes. A glycosylated |
| What are the Screening test for Diabetes | | | | hemoglobin level of 1% above normal range |
| | | | (5%) identifies diabetes in 98% of patients. |
| Fasting Plasma Glucose: The fasting plasma | | | | The test is not affected by food intake so it |
| glucose (FPG) test is the standard test for | | | | can be taken at any time. It shows average |
| diabetes. It is a simple blood test taken | | | | blood sugar control of 2-3 months. HbA1c - < |
| after eight hours of fasting. The FPG test is | | | | 7, should be screened six months once. |
| not always reliable, so a repeat test is | | | | |
| recommended if the initial test suggests the | | | | What are the routine screening tests for |
| presence of diabetes. | | | | Diabetes Complications? : All patients with a |
| | | | diagnosis of diabetes should receive routine |
| Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: The glucose | | | | screening for diabetes complications. |