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Importance of Screening For Diabetes and it's Associated Complications

Diabetes has become a major health threat the FPG in certain groups (e.g., women
to the whole world; indeed, the greatest with a history of gestational diabetes).
increase will be contributed by India, The test uses the following procedures:
which has already been declared by the I) after an overnight fast Fasting Plasma
World Health Organization (WHO) as the Glucose test is performed. ii) After this
country with the largest number of test a person receives 75 g of glucose
diabetics in the world. Diabetes is (100 g for pregnant women) blood samples
frequently not diagnosed until are taken every half an hour
complications appear, and approximately {(fasting-30mts-60mts-90mts-120mts-(five
one third of all people with diabetes may times)} to measure the blood glucose. It
be undiagnosed, though diagnosed many not only helps in detecting diabetes but
people are not aware of their condition. also help to detect the pre-diabetic
Late detection of diabetes often means status, Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) &
that at the time of diagnosis Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT))
complications have already damaging the Is it important to detect pre-diabetic
eyes, kidneys and nerves. These stage? Yes! Because it is "preventable"
complications are costly in the physical, Criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes
financial and psychosocial sense. Early mellitus
detection and treatment of diabetes may Normal DIABETES
not only improve glycemic control, but Symptoms of diabetes + Random plasma
also improves blood pressure and lipids. glucose Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) NFG
Who should be screened? In general all IFG ≥ 126 mg/dl
adults should be screened at regular
intervals 100 - 125 mg/dl
- Family history of diabetes (i.e., Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
parents or siblings with diabetes) (WHO, 2004) NGT IGT ≥200 mg/dl
- Overweight (Body Mass Index >25 kg/m2)
- Age >45 years What is the test for diabetic who is on
- Previously identified impaired fasting treatment to detect the control of blood
glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose sugar? Test for Glycosylated
tolerance (IGT) Haemoglobin: Tests for blood levels of
- Hypertension (>140/90 mmHg) glycosylated hemoglobin, also known as
- Hyperlipidemia (HDL - 250 mg/dL or hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) are useful for
both) determining the severity of diabetes. A
- History of gestational diabetes or glycosylated hemoglobin level of 1% above
delivery of a baby over 9 lb (4.1 kg) normal range (5%) identifies diabetes in
(ADA -Diabetes Care 2004) 98% of patients. The test is not affected
What are the Screening test for Diabetes by food intake so it can be taken at any
Fasting Plasma Glucose: The fasting time. It shows average blood sugar
plasma glucose (FPG) test is the standard control of 2-3 months. HbA1c - < 7,
test for diabetes. It is a simple blood should be screened six months once.
test taken after eight hours of fasting. What are the routine screening tests for
The FPG test is not always reliable, so a Diabetes Complications? : All patients
repeat test is recommended if the initial with a diagnosis of diabetes should
test suggests the presence of diabetes. receive routine screening for diabetes
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test: The glucose complications.
tolerance test may be more accurate than




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